ref: 19b480838af1721b833f6cd7575e994a5d55071d
dir: /sys/src/cmd/vnc/vncs.c/
#define Image IMAGE #include "vnc.h" #include "vncs.h" #include "compat.h" #include <cursor.h> #include "screen.h" #include "kbd.h" #include <mp.h> #include <libsec.h> extern Dev drawdevtab; extern Dev mousedevtab; extern Dev consdevtab; Dev *devtab[] = { &drawdevtab, &mousedevtab, &consdevtab, nil }; /* * list head. used to hold the list, the lock, dim, and pixelfmt */ struct { QLock; Vncs *head; } clients; int shared; int sleeptime = 5; int verbose = 0; int noauth = 0; int kbdin = -1; char *cert; char *pixchan = "r5g6b5"; static int cmdpid; static int srvfd; static int exportfd; static Vncs **vncpriv; static int parsedisplay(char*); static void vnckill(char*, int, int); static int vncannounce(char *net, int display, char *adir, int base); static void noteshutdown(void*, char*); static void vncaccept(Vncs*); static int vncsfmt(Fmt*); static void getremote(char*, char*); #pragma varargck type "V" Vncs* void usage(void) { fprint(2, "usage: vncs [-v] [-c cert] [-d :display] [-g widthXheight] [-p pixelfmt] [-A] [cmd [args]...]\n"); fprint(2, "\tto kill a server: vncs [-v] -k :display\n"); exits("usage"); } void main(int argc, char **argv) { int baseport, cfd, display, exnum, fd, pid, h, killing, w; char adir[NETPATHLEN], ldir[NETPATHLEN]; char net[NETPATHLEN], *p; char *kbdfs[] = { "/bin/aux/kbdfs", "-dq", nil }; char *rc[] = { "/bin/rc", "-i", nil }; Vncs *v; fmtinstall('V', vncsfmt); display = -1; killing = 0; w = 1024; h = 768; baseport = 5900; setnetmtpt(net, sizeof net, nil); ARGBEGIN{ default: usage(); case 'c': cert = EARGF(usage()); baseport = 35729; break; case 'd': if(display != -1) usage(); display = parsedisplay(EARGF(usage())); break; case 'g': p = EARGF(usage()); w = strtol(p, &p, 10); if(*p != 'x' && *p != 'X' && *p != ' ' && *p != ' ') usage(); h = strtol(p+1, &p, 10); if(*p != 0) usage(); break; case 'k': if(display != -1) usage(); display = parsedisplay(EARGF(usage())); killing = 1; break; case 'p': pixchan = EARGF(usage()); break; /* DEBUGGING case 's': sleeptime = atoi(EARGF(usage())); break; */ case 'v': verbose++; break; case 'x': p = EARGF(usage()); setnetmtpt(net, sizeof net, p); break; case 'A': noauth = 1; break; }ARGEND if(killing){ vnckill(net, display, baseport); exits(nil); } if(argc == 0) argv = rc; /* easy exit */ if(access(argv[0], AEXEC) < 0) sysfatal("access %s for exec: %r", argv[0]); /* background ourselves */ switch(rfork(RFPROC|RFNAMEG|RFFDG|RFNOTEG)){ case -1: sysfatal("rfork: %r"); default: exits(nil); case 0: break; } vncpriv = privalloc(); if(vncpriv == nil) sysfatal("privalloc: %r"); /* start screen */ initcompat(); if(waserror()) sysfatal("screeninit %dx%d %s: %s", w, h, pixchan, up->error); if(verbose) fprint(2, "geometry is %dx%d\n", w, h); screeninit(w, h, pixchan); poperror(); /* start file system device slaves */ exnum = exporter(devtab, &fd, &exportfd); /* rebuild /dev because the underlying connection might go away (ick) */ unmount(nil, "/dev"); bind("#c", "/dev", MREPL); /* mount exporter */ if(mounter("/dev", MBEFORE, fd, exnum) < 0) sysfatal("mounter: %r"); close(fd); pid = rfork(RFPROC|RFMEM|RFFDG|RFNOTEG); switch(pid){ case -1: sysfatal("rfork: %r"); break; case 0: close(exportfd); close(1); open("/dev/cons", OWRITE); close(2); open("/dev/cons", OWRITE); /* start and mount kbdfs */ pid = rfork(RFPROC|RFMEM|RFFDG|RFREND); switch(pid){ case -1: sysfatal("rfork: %r"); break; case 0: exec(kbdfs[0], kbdfs); fprint(2, "exec %s: %r\n", kbdfs[0]); _exits("kbdfs"); } if(waitpid() != pid){ rendezvous(&kbdin, nil); sysfatal("waitpid: %s: %r", kbdfs[0]); } rendezvous(&kbdin, nil); rfork(RFNAMEG|RFREND); close(0); open("/dev/cons", OREAD); close(1); open("/dev/cons", OWRITE); close(2); open("/dev/cons", OWRITE); exec(argv[0], argv); fprint(2, "exec %s: %r\n", argv[0]); _exits(nil); } cmdpid = pid; /* wait for kbdfs to get mounted */ rendezvous(&kbdin, nil); if((kbdin = open("/dev/kbdin", OWRITE)) < 0) sysfatal("open /dev/kbdin: %r"); /* run the service */ srvfd = vncannounce(net, display, adir, baseport); if(srvfd < 0) sysfatal("announce failed"); if(verbose) fprint(2, "announced in %s\n", adir); atexit(shutdown); notify(noteshutdown); for(;;){ procsetname("listener"); cfd = listen(adir, ldir); if(cfd < 0) break; if(verbose) fprint(2, "call in %s\n", ldir); fd = accept(cfd, ldir); if(fd < 0){ close(cfd); continue; } v = mallocz(sizeof(Vncs), 1); if(v == nil){ close(cfd); close(fd); continue; } v->ctlfd = cfd; v->datafd = fd; v->nproc = 1; v->ndead = 0; getremote(ldir, v->remote); strcpy(v->netpath, ldir); qlock(&clients); v->next = clients.head; clients.head = v; qunlock(&clients); vncaccept(v); } exits(0); } static int parsedisplay(char *p) { int n; if(*p != ':') usage(); if(*p == 0) usage(); n = strtol(p+1, &p, 10); if(*p != 0) usage(); return n; } static void getremote(char *ldir, char *remote) { char buf[NETPATHLEN]; int fd, n; snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/remote", ldir); strcpy(remote, "<none>"); if((fd = open(buf, OREAD)) < 0) return; n = readn(fd, remote, NETPATHLEN-1); close(fd); if(n < 0) return; remote[n] = 0; if(n>0 && remote[n-1] == '\n') remote[n-1] = 0; } static int vncsfmt(Fmt *fmt) { Vncs *v; v = va_arg(fmt->args, Vncs*); return fmtprint(fmt, "[%d] %s %s", getpid(), v->remote, v->netpath); } /* * We register exiting as an atexit handler in each proc, so that * client procs need merely exit when something goes wrong. */ static void vncclose(Vncs *v) { Vncs **l; /* remove self from client list if there */ qlock(&clients); for(l=&clients.head; *l; l=&(*l)->next) if(*l == v){ *l = v->next; break; } qunlock(&clients); /* if last proc, free v */ vnclock(v); if(++v->ndead < v->nproc){ vncunlock(v); return; } freerlist(&v->rlist); vncterm(v); if(v->ctlfd >= 0) close(v->ctlfd); if(v->datafd >= 0) close(v->datafd); if(v->image) freememimage(v->image); free(v); } static void exiting(void) { vncclose(*vncpriv); } void vnchungup(Vnc *v) { if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: hangup\n", (Vncs*)v); exits(0); /* atexit and exiting() will take care of everything */ } /* * Kill all clients except safe. * Used to start a non-shared client and at shutdown. */ static void killclients(Vncs *safe) { Vncs *v; qlock(&clients); for(v=clients.head; v; v=v->next){ if(v == safe) continue; if(v->ctlfd >= 0){ hangup(v->ctlfd); close(v->ctlfd); v->ctlfd = -1; close(v->datafd); v->datafd = -1; } } qunlock(&clients); } /* * Kill the executing command and then kill everyone else. * Called to close up shop at the end of the day * and also if we get an unexpected note. */ static char killkin[] = "die vnc kin"; static void killall(void) { postnote(PNGROUP, cmdpid, "hangup"); close(srvfd); srvfd = -1; close(exportfd); exportfd = -1; close(kbdin); kbdin = -1; postnote(PNGROUP, getpid(), killkin); } void shutdown(void) { if(verbose) fprint(2, "vnc server shutdown\n"); killall(); } static void noteshutdown(void*, char *msg) { if(strcmp(msg, killkin) == 0) /* already shutting down */ noted(NDFLT); killall(); noted(NDFLT); } /* * Kill a specific instance of a server. */ static void vnckill(char *net, int display, int baseport) { int fd, i, n, port; char buf[NETPATHLEN], *p; for(i=0;; i++){ snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/tcp/%d/local", net, i); if((fd = open(buf, OREAD)) < 0) sysfatal("did not find display"); n = read(fd, buf, sizeof buf-1); close(fd); if(n <= 0) continue; buf[n] = 0; p = strchr(buf, '!'); if(p == 0) continue; port = atoi(p+1); if(port != display+baseport) continue; snprint(buf, sizeof buf, "%s/tcp/%d/ctl", net, i); fd = open(buf, OWRITE); if(fd < 0) sysfatal("cannot open %s: %r", buf); if(write(fd, "hangup", 6) != 6) sysfatal("cannot hangup %s: %r", buf); close(fd); break; } } /* * Look for a port on which to announce. * If display != -1, we only try that one. * Otherwise we hunt. * * Returns the announce fd. */ static int vncannounce(char *net, int display, char *adir, int base) { int port, eport, fd; char addr[NETPATHLEN]; if(display == -1){ port = base; eport = base+50; }else{ port = base+display; eport = port; } for(; port<=eport; port++){ snprint(addr, sizeof addr, "%s/tcp!*!%d", net, port); if((fd = announce(addr, adir)) >= 0){ fprint(2, "server started on display :%d\n", port-base); return fd; } } if(display == -1) fprint(2, "could not find any ports to announce\n"); else fprint(2, "announce: %r\n"); return -1; } /* * Handle a new connection. */ static void clientreadproc(Vncs*); static void clientwriteproc(Vncs*); static void chan2fmt(Pixfmt*, ulong); static ulong fmt2chan(Pixfmt*); static void vncaccept(Vncs *v) { char buf[32]; int fd; /* caller returns to listen */ switch(rfork(RFPROC|RFMEM|RFNAMEG)){ case -1: fprint(2, "%V: fork failed: %r\n", v); vncclose(v); return; default: return; case 0: break; } *vncpriv = v; if(!atexit(exiting)){ fprint(2, "%V: could not register atexit handler: %r; hanging up\n", v); exiting(); exits(nil); } if(cert != nil){ TLSconn conn; memset(&conn, 0, sizeof conn); conn.cert = readcert(cert, &conn.certlen); if(conn.cert == nil){ fprint(2, "%V: could not read cert %s: %r; hanging up\n", v, cert); exits(nil); } fd = tlsServer(v->datafd, &conn); if(fd < 0){ fprint(2, "%V: tlsServer: %r; hanging up\n", v); free(conn.cert); free(conn.sessionID); exits(nil); } v->datafd = fd; free(conn.cert); free(conn.sessionID); } vncinit(v->datafd, v->ctlfd, v); if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: handshake\n", v); if(vncsrvhandshake(v) < 0){ fprint(2, "%V: handshake failed; hanging up\n", v); exits(0); } if(noauth){ if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: noauth\n", v); vncwrlong(v, ANoAuth); vncflush(v); } else { if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: auth\n", v); if(vncsrvauth(v) < 0){ fprint(2, "%V: auth failed; hanging up\n", v); exits(0); } } shared = vncrdchar(v); if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: %sshared\n", v, shared ? "" : "not "); if(!shared) killclients(v); v->dim = rectsubpt(gscreen->clipr, gscreen->clipr.min); vncwrpoint(v, v->dim.max); if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: send screen size %R\n", v, v->dim); v->bpp = gscreen->depth; v->depth = gscreen->depth; v->truecolor = 1; v->bigendian = 0; chan2fmt(v, gscreen->chan); if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: bpp=%d, depth=%d, chan=%s\n", v, v->bpp, v->depth, chantostr(buf, gscreen->chan)); vncwrpixfmt(v, v); vncwrlong(v, 14); vncwrbytes(v, "Plan9 Desktop", 14); vncflush(v); if(verbose) fprint(2, "%V: handshaking done\n", v); v->updatereq = 0; switch(rfork(RFPROC|RFMEM)){ case -1: fprint(2, "%V: cannot fork: %r; hanging up\n", v); vnchungup(v); default: clientreadproc(v); exits(nil); case 0: *vncpriv = v; v->nproc++; if(atexit(exiting) == 0){ exiting(); fprint(2, "%V: could not register atexit handler: %r; hanging up\n", v); exits(nil); } clientwriteproc(v); exits(nil); } } /* * Set the pixel format being sent. Can only happen once. * (Maybe a client would send this again if the screen changed * underneath it? If we want to support this we need a way to * make sure the current image is no longer in use, so we can free it. */ static void setpixelfmt(Vncs *v) { ulong chan; vncgobble(v, 3); v->Pixfmt = vncrdpixfmt(v); chan = fmt2chan(v); if(chan == 0){ fprint(2, "%V: bad pixel format; hanging up\n", v); vnchungup(v); } v->imagechan = chan; } /* * Set the preferred encoding list. Can only happen once. * If we want to support changing this more than once then * we need to put a lock around the encoding functions * so as not to conflict with updateimage. */ static void setencoding(Vncs *v) { int n, x; vncrdchar(v); n = vncrdshort(v); while(n-- > 0){ x = vncrdlong(v); switch(x){ case EncCopyRect: v->copyrect = 1; continue; case EncMouseWarp: v->canwarp = 1; continue; case EncDesktopSize: v->canresize |= 1; continue; case EncXDesktopSize: v->canresize |= 2; continue; } if(v->countrect != nil) continue; switch(x){ case EncRaw: v->encname = "raw"; v->countrect = countraw; v->sendrect = sendraw; break; case EncRre: v->encname = "rre"; v->countrect = countrre; v->sendrect = sendrre; break; case EncCorre: v->encname = "corre"; v->countrect = countcorre; v->sendrect = sendcorre; break; case EncHextile: v->encname = "hextile"; v->countrect = counthextile; v->sendrect = sendhextile; break; } } if(v->countrect == nil){ v->encname = "raw"; v->countrect = countraw; v->sendrect = sendraw; } if(verbose) fprint(2, "Encoding with %s%s%s%s\n", v->encname, v->copyrect ? ", copyrect" : "", v->canwarp ? ", canwarp" : "", v->canresize ? ", resize" : ""); } /* * Continually read updates from one client. */ static void clientreadproc(Vncs *v) { int incremental, key, keydown, buttons, type, x, y, n; char *buf; Rectangle r; procsetname("read %V", v); for(;;){ type = vncrdchar(v); switch(type){ default: fprint(2, "%V: unknown vnc message type %d; hanging up\n", v, type); vnchungup(v); /* set pixel format */ case MPixFmt: setpixelfmt(v); break; /* ignore color map changes */ case MFixCmap: vncgobble(v, 3); n = vncrdshort(v); vncgobble(v, n*6); break; /* set encoding list */ case MSetEnc: setencoding(v); break; /* request image update in rectangle */ case MFrameReq: incremental = vncrdchar(v); r = vncrdrect(v); if(!incremental){ qlock(&drawlock); /* protects rlist */ addtorlist(&v->rlist, r); qunlock(&drawlock); } v->updatereq++; break; case MSetDesktopSize: vncrdchar(v); vncrdpoint(v); // desktop size n = vncrdchar(v); vncrdchar(v); if(n == 0) break; vncrdlong(v); // id r = vncrdrect(v); vncrdlong(v); // flags while(--n > 0){ vncrdlong(v); vncrdrect(v); vncrdlong(v); } qlock(&drawlock); if(!rectclip(&r, gscreen->r)){ qunlock(&drawlock); break; } gscreen->clipr = r; qunlock(&drawlock); screenwin(); deletescreenimage(); resetscreenimage(); break; /* send keystroke */ case MKey: keydown = vncrdchar(v); vncgobble(v, 2); key = vncrdlong(v); vncputc(!keydown, key); break; /* send mouse event */ case MMouse: buttons = vncrdchar(v); x = vncrdshort(v); y = vncrdshort(v); absmousetrack(x, y, buttons, nsec()/(1000*1000LL)); break; /* send cut text */ case MCCut: vncgobble(v, 3); n = vncrdlong(v); buf = malloc(n+1); if(buf){ vncrdbytes(v, buf, n); buf[n] = 0; vnclock(v); /* for snarfvers */ setsnarf(buf, n, &v->snarfvers); vncunlock(v); }else vncgobble(v, n); break; } } } static int nbits(ulong mask) { int n; n = 0; for(; mask; mask>>=1) n += mask&1; return n; } typedef struct Col Col; struct Col { int type; int nbits; int shift; }; static ulong fmt2chan(Pixfmt *fmt) { Col c[4], t; int i, j, depth, n, nc; ulong mask, u; /* unpack the Pixfmt channels */ c[0] = (Col){CRed, nbits(fmt->red.max), fmt->red.shift}; c[1] = (Col){CGreen, nbits(fmt->green.max), fmt->green.shift}; c[2] = (Col){CBlue, nbits(fmt->blue.max), fmt->blue.shift}; nc = 3; /* add an ignore channel if necessary */ depth = c[0].nbits+c[1].nbits+c[2].nbits; if(fmt->bpp != depth){ /* BUG: assumes only one run of ignored bits */ if(fmt->bpp == 32) mask = ~0; else mask = (1<<fmt->bpp)-1; mask ^= fmt->red.max << fmt->red.shift; mask ^= fmt->green.max << fmt->green.shift; mask ^= fmt->blue.max << fmt->blue.shift; if(mask == 0) abort(); n = 0; for(; !(mask&1); mask>>=1) n++; c[3] = (Col){CIgnore, nbits(mask), n}; nc++; } /* sort the channels, largest shift (leftmost bits) first */ for(i=1; i<nc; i++) for(j=i; j>0; j--) if(c[j].shift > c[j-1].shift){ t = c[j]; c[j] = c[j-1]; c[j-1] = t; } /* build the channel descriptor */ u = 0; for(i=0; i<nc; i++){ u <<= 8; u |= CHAN1(c[i].type, c[i].nbits); } return u; } static void chan2fmt(Pixfmt *fmt, ulong chan) { ulong c, rc, shift; shift = 0; for(rc = chan; rc; rc >>=8){ c = rc & 0xFF; switch(TYPE(c)){ case CRed: fmt->red = (Colorfmt){(1<<NBITS(c))-1, shift}; break; case CBlue: fmt->blue = (Colorfmt){(1<<NBITS(c))-1, shift}; break; case CGreen: fmt->green = (Colorfmt){(1<<NBITS(c))-1, shift}; break; } shift += NBITS(c); } } /* * Note that r has changed on the screen. * Updating the rlists is okay because they are protected by drawlock. */ void flushmemscreen(Rectangle r) { Vncs *v; if(!rectclip(&r, gscreen->clipr)) return; qlock(&clients); for(v=clients.head; v; v=v->next) addtorlist(&v->rlist, r); qunlock(&clients); } /* * Queue a mouse warp note for the next update to each client. */ void mousewarpnote(Point p) { Vncs *v; qlock(&clients); for(v=clients.head; v; v=v->next){ if(v->canwarp){ vnclock(v); v->dowarp = 1; v->warppt = p; vncunlock(v); } } qunlock(&clients); } /* * Send a client his changed screen image. * v is locked on entrance, locked on exit, but released during. */ static int updateimage(Vncs *v) { int i, j, ncount, nsend, docursor, dowarp, doresize; vlong ooffset = 0, t1 = 0; Point warppt; Rectangle cr; Rlist rlist; int (*count)(Vncs*, Rectangle); int (*send)(Vncs*, Rectangle); vnclock(v); dowarp = v->canwarp && v->dowarp; warppt = v->warppt; v->dowarp = 0; vncunlock(v); /* copy the screen bits and then unlock the screen so updates can proceed */ qlock(&drawlock); rlist = v->rlist; memset(&v->rlist, 0, sizeof v->rlist); if(v->canresize && !eqrect(v->screen[0].rect, gscreen->clipr)){ v->screen[0].rect = gscreen->clipr; v->dim = rectsubpt(gscreen->clipr, gscreen->clipr.min); doresize = 1; } else doresize = 0; if(doresize || (v->image == nil && v->imagechan != 0) || (v->image != nil && v->image->chan != v->imagechan)){ if(v->image) freememimage(v->image); v->image = allocmemimage(v->dim, v->imagechan); if(v->image == nil){ fprint(2, "%V: allocmemimage: %r; hanging up\n", v); qlock(&drawlock); vnchungup(v); } } /* if the cursor has moved or changed shape, we need to redraw its square */ lock(&cursor); if(v->cursorver != cursorver || !eqpt(v->cursorpos, cursorpos)){ docursor = 1; v->cursorver = cursorver; v->cursorpos = cursorpos; cr = cursorrect(); }else{ docursor = 0; cr = v->cursorr; } unlock(&cursor); if(docursor){ addtorlist(&rlist, v->cursorr); if(!rectclip(&cr, gscreen->clipr)) cr.max = cr.min; addtorlist(&rlist, cr); } /* copy changed screen parts, also check for parts overlapping cursor location */ for(i=0; i<rlist.nrect; i++){ if(!docursor) docursor = rectXrect(v->cursorr, rlist.rect[i]); memimagedraw(v->image, rlist.rect[i], gscreen, rlist.rect[i].min, memopaque, ZP, S); } if(docursor){ cursordraw(v->image, cr); addtorlist(&rlist, v->cursorr); v->cursorr = cr; } qunlock(&drawlock); count = v->countrect; send = v->sendrect; if(count == nil || send == nil){ count = countraw; send = sendraw; } ncount = 0; for(i=j=0; i<rlist.nrect; i++){ if(j < i) rlist.rect[j] = rlist.rect[i]; if(rectclip(&rlist.rect[j], v->dim)) ncount += (*count)(v, rlist.rect[j++]); } rlist.nrect = j; if(doresize == 0 && ncount == 0 && dowarp == 0) return 0; if(verbose > 1){ fprint(2, "sendupdate: rlist.nrect=%d, ncount=%d\n", rlist.nrect, ncount); t1 = nsec(); ooffset = Boffset(&v->out); } if(doresize && v->canresize == 1){ doresize = 0; vncwrchar(v, MFrameUpdate); vncwrchar(v, 0); vncwrshort(v, 1); vncwrrect(v, v->dim); vncwrlong(v, EncDesktopSize); } vncwrchar(v, MFrameUpdate); vncwrchar(v, 0); vncwrshort(v, doresize+ncount+dowarp); if(doresize){ vncwrrect(v, gscreen->r); vncwrlong(v, EncXDesktopSize); vncwrlong(v, 1<<24); vncwrlong(v, v->screen[0].id); vncwrrect(v, v->screen[0].rect); vncwrlong(v, v->screen[0].flags); } nsend = 0; for(i=0; i<rlist.nrect; i++) nsend += (*send)(v, rlist.rect[i]); if(ncount != nsend){ fprint(2, "%V: ncount=%d, nsend=%d; hanging up\n", v, ncount, nsend); vnchungup(v); } if(dowarp){ vncwrrect(v, Rect(warppt.x, warppt.y, warppt.x+1, warppt.y+1)); vncwrlong(v, EncMouseWarp); } if(verbose > 1){ t1 = nsec() - t1; fprint(2, " in %lldms, %lld bytes\n", t1/1000000, Boffset(&v->out) - ooffset); } freerlist(&rlist); return 1; } /* * Update the snarf buffer if it has changed. */ static void updatesnarf(Vncs *v) { char *buf; int len; if(v->snarfvers == snarf.vers) return; qlock(&snarf); len = snarf.n; buf = malloc(len); if(buf == nil){ qunlock(&snarf); return; } memmove(buf, snarf.buf, len); v->snarfvers = snarf.vers; qunlock(&snarf); vncwrchar(v, MSCut); vncwrbytes(v, "pad", 3); vncwrlong(v, len); vncwrbytes(v, buf, len); free(buf); } /* * Continually update one client. */ static void clientwriteproc(Vncs *v) { ulong last = 0; procsetname("write %V", v); while(!v->ndead){ sleep(sleeptime); updatesnarf(v); if(v->updatereq != last && updateimage(v)) last++; vncflush(v); } vnchungup(v); }