ref: 967b1248f82e5f64eab4dbf45898a37851b71fa2
dir: /sys/man/1/bind/
.TH BIND 1 .SH NAME bind, mount, unmount \- change name space .SH SYNOPSIS .B bind [ .I option ... ] .I new old .PP .B mount [ .I option ... ] .I servename old [ .I spec ] .PP .B unmount [ .I new ] .I old .SH DESCRIPTION .I Bind and .I mount modify the file name space of the current process and other processes in the same name space group (see .IR fork (2)). For both calls, .I old is the name of an existing file or directory in the current name space where the modification is to be made. .PP For .IR bind , .I new is the name of another (or possibly the same) existing file or directory in the current name space. After a successful .IR bind , the file name .I old is an alias for the object originally named by .IR new ; if the modification doesn't hide it, .I new will also still refer to its original file. The evaluation of .I new (see .IR intro (2)) happens at the time of the .IR bind , not when the binding is later used. .PP The .I servename argument to .I mount is the name of a file that, when opened, yields an existing connection to a file server. Almost always, .I servename will be a file in .B /srv (see .IR srv (3)). In the discussion below, .I new refers to the file named by the .I new argument to .I bind or the root directory of the service available in .I servename after a .IR mount . Either both .I old and .I new files must be directories, or both must not be directories. .PP Options control aspects of the modification to the name space: .TP 10 (none) Replace the .I old file by the new one. Henceforth, an evaluation of .I old will be translated to the new file. If they are directories (for .IR mount , this condition is true by definition), .I old becomes a .I "union directory" consisting of one directory (the new file). .TP .B -b Both files must be directories. Add the new directory to the beginning of the union directory represented by the old file. .TP .B -a Both files must be directories. Add the new directory to the end of the union directory represented by the old file. .TP .B -c This can be used in addition to any of the above to permit creation in a union directory. When a new file is created in a union directory, it is placed in the first element of the union that has been bound or mounted with the .B -c flag. If that directory does not have write permission, the create fails. .TP .B -C (Only in .IR mount .) By default, file contents are always retrieved from the server. With this option, the kernel may instead use a local cache to satisfy .IR read (5) requests for files accessible through this mount point. The currency of cached data for a file is verified at each .IR open (5) of the file from this client machine. .TP .B -q Exit silently if the .B bind or .B mount operation fails. .PD .PP .I Mount takes three additional options. The first, .B -k .IR keypattern , constrains the set of .IR factotum (4) keys used for an authenticated mount. The second, .BR -n , causes .I mount to skip authentication entirely. The third, .BR -N , skips authentication and specifies .B none as the username to the fileserver. .PP The .I spec argument to .I mount is passed in the .IR attach (5) message to the server, and selects among different file trees served by the server. .PP The .IR srv (3) service registry device, normally bound to .BR /srv , is a convenient rendezvous point for services that can be mounted. After bootstrap, the file .B /srv/boot contains the communications port to the file system from which the system was loaded. .PP The effects of .I bind and .I mount can be undone with the .I unmount command. If two arguments are given to .IR unmount , the effect is to undo a .I bind or .I mount with the same arguments. If only one argument is given, everything bound to or mounted upon .I old is unmounted. .SH EXAMPLES To compile a program with the C library from July 16, 1992: .IP .EX mount /srv/boot /n/dump dump bind /n/dump/1992/0716/mips/lib/libc.a /mips/lib/libc.a mk .EE .SH SOURCE .B /sys/src/cmd/bind.c .br .B /sys/src/cmd/mount.c .br .B /sys/src/cmd/unmount.c .SH SEE ALSO .IR bind (2), .IR open (2), .IR srv (3), .IR srv (4)